Local exploration of prefabricated building standardization acceleratesLocal exploration of prefabricated building standardization accelerates

The common dimensions of prefabricated components and parts of prefabricated buildings are not cured, and the standardization design is slow to advance... The low degree of standardization will make it difficult to really reduce the cost and cost of prefabricated buildings, which will affect its promotion and popularization.

Recently, local governments have introduced some new policies to promote the standardization of prefabricated buildings. On June 8, four departments including the Sichuan Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Work Plan for Promoting the Standardization of Prefabricated Buildings in the Province". Key tasks have been clarified in the construction of standard system, the implementation of standardized design, the improvement of the production level of parts and components, and the improvement of the level of standardized construction.

"The provincial level has specially formulated a plan for standardization, which should be the first case in China." Liu Wei, chief researcher of the China MCC Prefabricated Building (Shanghai) Technology Research Institute, believes that the "Plan" has two highlights. One is to promote the standardization of the entire industry chain such as design, construction, and production of parts and components, and the other is to emphasize the improvement of the level of "new building industrialization".

Specific to the details of the "Plan", vigorously promote standardized design, focus on kitchen modules, bathroom modules, bedroom modules, etc., establish multi-level general standard modules, and implement modular and modular design methods for prefabricated buildings. "The development of kitchen and bathroom modules is relatively mature now, and the bedroom module is the focus of future breakthroughs. From 'modularization' to 'modularization' is also the future development direction of prefabricated buildings." Liu Wei said.

In terms of standardized construction, the "Plan" proposes to focus on the standardization of the connection process and support system of prefabricated components, and to increase the development and application of standardized construction measures. Liu Wei said: "Many places emphasize improving the design or R&D process, but little attention is paid to the connection process of prefabricated components. This is an important change; it is also a reminder to the construction unit that the relevant technical level needs to be further improved."

This document of less than 3,000 words, in Liu Wei's view, is very demanding and very specific, "basically no nonsense" and "contains a very large amount of information." "For the prefabricated construction industry, the "Plan" describes the future development direction very well, and for practitioners, it also allows everyone to see the gap between themselves and their development goals. Of course, this also means that in order to truly meet the requirements of the "Plan", a process is needed. "He says.

In addition to the standardization policy issued by Sichuan, the "Technical Guidelines for Standardized Design of Prefabricated Components of Prefabricated Residential Buildings in Nanjing (Trial)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines") also came into effect on May 1. According to the introduction of Nanjing Urban and Rural Construction Committee, the "Guidelines" realize the unification of standardization and diversification of prefabricated components according to the design method of few specifications and multi-combination. It is the first technical guideline for standardized design of prefabricated components with generality, standardization and operability in Jiangsu Province.

The "Guidelines" put forward the concept and calculation method of the standardization rate of prefabricated components to measure the standardization degree of prefabricated component design of prefabricated residential buildings. In the design phase of the scheme, optimize the opening and depth of the functional space as much as possible, form standardized basic functional units, realize the standardized design of prefabricated houses, and reduce the number of on-site hoisting while meeting the requirements of diversified apartment types.

In addition, Nanjing analyzed the dimensions of basic functional units such as bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens, bathrooms and other common units in actual cases of more than 50 prefabricated residential building projects. It puts forward the principle of standardizing the size of components by taking the bay size and floor height of basic functional units as parameters, and weakening the concepts of plane standardization and elevation standardization.

For example, for prefabricated laminated floor slabs, the "Guidelines" stipulate that "standardized design of the length and width of prefabricated bottom slabs of laminated floor slabs should be realized through the two directions of depth and bay of basic functional units". "When the floor slab size is large and needs to be split, the principle should be to minimize the number of prefabricated bottom plates, and it should be split from the long side of the basic functional unit."

In order to avoid the problems caused by random splitting in the design of prefabricated buildings, the "Guidelines" also determine the standardized combination and splitting scheme of prefabricated components for each basic functional unit to improve the versatility of prefabricated components. In addition, the combination of general modules and custom modules is used to realize the standardized split design of prefabricated components of prefabricated residential buildings. The corresponding components can be directly selected from the selection table according to the parameters, and the drawing can be drawn with one click.

At present, the "1+3" standardized design and production system of prefabricated buildings at the national level has been established. On this basis, localities need to further explore more suitable standardized implementation plans to promote the marketization and large-scale development of prefabricated buildings.